As part of the 2024 social security financing bill, the National Assembly adopted the legalization of medical cannabis in France. Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne’s use of Article 49.3 of the Constitution allowed this controversial measure to be adopted without a vote by the members of parliament.
The Stakes of Medical Cannabis in France After several years of legalization in other countries, medical cannabis has finally arrived in France.
Several conditions can be treated with this new treatment, including spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis, refractory nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, and severe epilepsy resistant to other treatments.
However, many doctors, scientists, and experts continue to debate the benefits and risks associated with the use of medical cannabis. Proponents emphasize the potential benefits for many people suffering from chronic illnesses, while opponents warn of possible side effects and the dangers of self-medication. The Controversial Use of Article 49.3
The Prime Minister’s use of Article 49.3 of the Constitution has sparked strong criticism from the opposition, which denounces an
excessive use of this mechanism.
Indeed, Élisabeth Borne has used Article 49.3 fifteen times since taking office. As a reminder, Article 49.3 allows a bill to be passed without a vote by the National Assembly, engaging only the government’s responsibility.
Among the other measures included in the 2024 Social Security Financing Bill are measures to combat drug shortages, control spending related to sick leave, and increased screening. The Social Security deficit is estimated at €8.8 billion in 2023, then €11.2 billion in 2024.
- International Experience: The Irish Example
- Other countries have already taken the step towards legalizing medical cannabis, such as Ireland. After four years of legalization, the first clinic specializing in medical cannabis opened its doors in the country. The dispensary covers all conditions that can be treated with medical cannabis, not just those recognized by the Irish medical cannabis access program.
- This more inclusive approach could be an interesting model for France, which is seeking the best way to regulate access to medical cannabis within its borders.
Next Steps
With the adoption of this measure, several important steps still need to be taken before medical cannabis is actually available to patients in France. Among these steps are:
- The establishment of a production and distribution network for medical cannabis
- The training of prescribing physicians on the indications and contraindications of cannabis
- The development of treatment protocols adapted to the various pathologies concerned
- The implementation of a precise regulatory framework for the prescription of and access to medical cannabis
